Criminalization of Homelessness in Albuquerque Under Mayor Tim Keller

In Albuquerque, under Mayor Tim Keller’s leadership, there has been a significant increase in the criminalization of behaviors associated with homelessness. An analysis by ProPublica found that charges related to these activities have risen sharply.

Increased Charges

In 2025, the city saw a sixfold increase in charges for unlawful camping, reaching 704 cases compared to 113 the previous year. Obstruction of sidewalks resulted in 1,256 charges, a drastic rise from previous years. Trespassing charges also peaked, marking the highest number since 2017.

More Arrests and Jail Time

Citations often evolve into arrests when individuals miss court dates, subsequently leading to warrants. Almost half (49%) of those booked into Bernalillo County’s jail were homeless in 2025. This is part of a broader trend of increased bookings for transient individuals over recent years, swelling from 3,670 in 2022 to nearly 12,000 in 2025.

Mayor Keller’s Stance

During his reelection campaign, Mayor Keller criticized opponents who suggested harsher measures against homelessness, calling such approaches cruel. Despite his assertions, ProPublica’s investigation revealed that his administration has intensified the enforcement of laws targeting the homeless.

Keller defended police actions, stating they were adhering to the law while avoiding more punitive measures. He emphasized that arrest and citation are not solutions to homelessness.

Legal and Social Challenges

Enforcement has sparked social and financial concerns. Bernalillo County spends $169 per night per inmate without significant health needs, which increases with severe cases, compared to $44 for housing a person in a shelter. Nationally, more cities have enacted laws against public camping following a 2024 Supreme Court ruling.

Critiques and Responses

Critics like Tony Robinson find Bernalillo County’s homeless inmate rates unusually high. Citing logistical challenges, such as court notices not reaching those without homes, they argue citations invariably lead to jail time.

Perspectives from Those Affected

Many homeless individuals in Albuquerque report frequent police encounters resulting in multiple charges. Natalie Rankin, for instance, was jailed after receiving numerous charges related to homelessness.

Proponents of homeless support argue that the city’s law enforcement approach increases instability. Organizations like Gateway West offer services, yet the homeless population often exceeds capacity. The city’s rigidity around encampments further complicates the issue.

Legal Actions and Continuing Controversy

Albuquerque is involved in lawsuits alleging illegal actions against encampments and disregard for homeless rights. ProPublica’s findings show that belongings are discarded and citations for minor offenses lead to complex legal paths, culminating in repeated arrests.

Despite possible alternatives, such as designated outdoor sleeping areas, the city’s current stance continues to incite debate among advocates, officials, and residents.