Taiwan’s Demographic Challenge: Pets Outnumber Children Amid Falling Birthrates

Taiwan is experiencing a demographic shift, with the number of pets surpassing that of young children. In 2025, the island had 3.2 million pet cats and dogs compared to 2.68 million children aged 14 and under. This analysis, conducted by Sinyi Realty using government data from New Taipei City, highlights the deepening demographic crisis described by President Lai Ching-te as a national security issue.

The global decline in fertility rates is evident, with two-thirds of the population living in areas where birth rates fall below the 2.1 births per woman needed to sustain population levels without immigration, according to the United Nations. The economic concerns are growing as aging populations increase the pressure on pensions, healthcare systems, and social welfare.

Taiwan’s situation is particularly pronounced. In 2024, Taiwan recorded the lowest fertility rate worldwide, overtaking South Korea with a rate of 0.695. The island saw only about 107,000 births last year, a stark drop compared to the 1960s.

Only seven out of Taiwan’s 22 counties and special municipalities still have more children than pet cats and dogs. New Taipei City exemplifies the trend, with 597,000 dogs and cats, outnumbering children under 14 by about 162,000.

Rapid urban development, high housing costs, limited space, and financial challenges compel many young Taiwanese to delay or forgo parenthood while turning to pets for companionship. This shift is altering consumer behavior and housing demands.

Facing a National Security Challenge

Taiwan’s leadership is treating the birthrate crisis as a national security issue. In May, President Lai introduced policies to support families, including a $150 monthly subsidy per child under 18. However, experts caution that financial incentives might not suffice to reverse the decline. Structural reforms addressing issues like long working hours, high living costs, and expensive housing are essential to counter the trend.

Demographers compare Taiwan’s situation with South Korea, China, and Japan, which struggle with similar challenges despite efforts to increase birth rates. Insights emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to address the root causes of declining fertility.