Europe is currently facing an intense heat wave for the second time this year. This phenomenon is causing temperatures to soar to near-record highs in countries like Britain, Spain, and France. This weather pattern is driven by a meteorological phenomenon known as a ‘heat dome.’
A heat dome occurs when a strong area of high pressure forms high in the atmosphere, trapping heat in a region for several days or even longer. These systems are not limited to Europe but can happen globally.
The Royal Meteorological Society, based in Reading, England, explains that a heat dome functions like a lid on a pot. High pressure prevents air from rising, reducing cloud formation. With fewer clouds, sunlight more directly heats the ground, leading to increasing temperatures day after day.
France’s national weather agency, Météo-France, adds that such high-pressure systems can block or redirect incoming weather fronts. This results in persistent conditions characterized by minimal cloud cover and low precipitation.


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